Objective Considering that intestinal protozoans and helminths infect more than half of the world population, with high prevalence in the poorest regions, the objective of this study was to conduct parasitological research among indigenous Terena people established in the state of MatoGrosso do Sul. An inquiry was performed to find the incidence of parasitism in these communities. Methodology 134 aliquots of feces from individuals of the indigenous community were examined. Samples were conserved in Merthiolate-iodine-formol solution (MIF). The laboratory exams were carried out using the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer; Willis and Kinyoun. Results We identified infections of nematode helminths of the species Ascarislumbricoides, Ancylostomidae, Enterobiusvermicularis, Strongyloidesstercoralis, and Trichuristrichiura; and cestodes of the species Hymenolepis nana and Taenia spp. Also found were the protozoan species: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoebahistolytica. 23.1 % of the samples studied were negative. Of the 76.9 % of samples with parasites, there were non-statistically significant differences in parasitism between men and women examined between 1 and 33 years-of-age. There were also no significant differences between monospecific parasitism and with concurrent species. In terms of parasitic diversity, seven species of nematode and cestodeshelminths were found along with five species of Archamoebae protozoa: flagellates and enterozoans. Conclusions These results were the basis for orientation and appropriate drug intervention and reveal the need for the implementation governmental, social and educational measures to improve the living conditions of that community.

Objetivo Considerando que más de la mitad de la población mundial está infectada por protozoarios y helmintos intestinales, con alta prevalencia en las zonas más pobres, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de los parasitismos entre indígenas de la etnia Terena, establecidos en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Metodología Se examinaron 134 muestras de heces de individuos de la comunidad indígena. Estas se conservaron en solución de Merthiolate-iodo-formol (MIF). Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron realizados por las técnicas de Hoffman, Pons y Janer; Willis y Kinyoun. Resultados Se identificaron infecciones por helmintos nematodos de las especies Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostomidae, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, y Trichuris trichiura; cestodos de la especie Hymenolepis nana, y Taeniaspp. También por protozoarios de las especies Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, y Entamoeba histolytica. De las muestras investigadas, 23,1% fueron negativas; de los 76,9 % parasitados hubo diferencia estadísticamente no significativa para el parasitismo en hombres y mujeres examinados, de unoa 33 años de edad, y sobre parasitismo mono específico, o con simultaneidad de especies. Como diversidad parasitaria fueron encontradas siete especies de helmintos nematodos y cestodos, y cinco de protozoarios Archamoebae, flagelados y enterozoários. Conclusiones Los resultados fueron la base para la orientación e intervención adecuada, revelando la necesidad de la implantación de medidas gubernamentales y socioeducativas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de esta comunidad.

Objetivo Considerando que más de la mitad de la población mundial está infectada por protozoarios y helmintos intestinales, con alta prevalencia en las zonas más pobres, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de los parasitismos entre indígenas de la etnia Terena, establecidos en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Metodología Se examinaron 134 muestras de heces de individuos de la comunidad indígena. Estas se conservaron en solución de Merthiolate-iodo-formol (MIF). Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron realizados por las técnicas de Hoffman, Pons y Janer; Willis y Kinyoun. Resultados Se identificaron infecciones por helmintos nematodos de las especies Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostomidae, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, y Trichuris trichiura; cestodos de la especie Hymenolepis nana, y Taeniaspp. También por protozoarios de las especies Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, y Entamoeba histolytica. De las muestras investigadas, 23,1% fueron negativas; de los 76,9 % parasitados hubo diferencia estadísticamente no significativa para el parasitismo en hombres y mujeres examinados, de unoa 33 años de edad, y sobre parasitismo mono específico, o con simultaneidad de especies. Como diversidad parasitaria fueron encontradas siete especies de helmintos nematodos y cestodos, y cinco de protozoarios Archamoebae, flagelados y enterozoários. Conclusiones Los resultados fueron la base para la orientación e intervención adecuada, revelando la necesidad de la implantación de medidas gubernamentales y socioeducativas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de esta comunidad.

Objective Considering that intestinal protozoans and helminths infect more than half of the world population, with high prevalence in the poorest regions, the objective of this study was to conduct parasitological research among indigenous Terena people established in the state of MatoGrosso do Sul. An inquiry was performed to find the incidence of parasitism in these communities. Methodology 134 aliquots of feces from individuals of the indigenous community were examined. Samples were conserved in Merthiolate-iodine-formol solution (MIF). The laboratory exams were carried out using the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer; Willis and Kinyoun. Results We identified infections of nematode helminths of the species Ascarislumbricoides, Ancylostomidae, Enterobiusvermicularis, Strongyloidesstercoralis, and Trichuristrichiura; and cestodes of the species Hymenolepis nana and Taenia spp. Also found were the protozoan species: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoebahistolytica. 23.1 % of the samples studied were negative. Of the 76.9 % of samples with parasites, there were non-statistically significant differences in parasitism between men and women examined between 1 and 33 years-of-age. There were also no significant differences between monospecific parasitism and with concurrent species. In terms of parasitic diversity, seven species of nematode and cestodeshelminths were found along with five species of Archamoebae protozoa: flagellates and enterozoans. Conclusions These results were the basis for orientation and appropriate drug intervention and reveal the need for the implementation governmental, social and educational measures to improve the living conditions of that community.

Objetivo: investigou a prevalência de pneumopatia causada por Pneumocystis jirovecii em pacientes com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Os pacientes pesquisados foram aqueles tratados em clínicas de pneumologia de alguns hospitais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2010 foram examinadas 230 amostras de enxague brônquio alveolar obtidos de pacientes de ambos os sexos na faixa etária entre 14 e 41 anos. Os lavados obtidos foram corados pelo método de Giemsa e analisados por microscopia óptica. Resultados: A prevalência geral da infecção por P. jirovecii foi de 23,5 % (54 infectados de 230 amostras analisadas), sendo 22,3 % no sexo masculino (32 infectados de 142 examinados) e 25,6 % no feminino (21 mulheres infectadas de 82 examinadas), não demonstrando diferença significativa entre os gêneros (x²= 0.05, p> 0.05). A correlação entre a infecção e a faixa etária indicou que a infecção aumenta conforme o aumento da idade, porém de forma insignificante (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). Esse aumento ocorre de tal forma que a prevalência nos grupos etários entre 26 e 41 anos representaram individualmente mais que o dobro da observada entre os pacientes mais jovens entre 15 e 25 anos. Conclusão: os pacientes com SIDA têm grande propensão a desenvolver pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii, com risco especial de colapso respiratório.

Objective: a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumopathy due to Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with the human immunodefiency virus (HIV). The patients surveyed were being treated at pneumological clinics of several hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: 230 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients of both sexes aged 14-41 were examined from January 2009 to July 2010. The lavage samples were stained by Giemsa's method and analyzed by optical microscopy. Results: overall prevalence of infection due to Pneumocystis jirovecii was 23.5 % (54 infected of 230 examined), of whom 22.3 % were male (32 infected of 142 examined) and 25.6 % were female (21 infected of 82 examined), with no significant difference between the sexes (ײ= 0,05, p> 0,05). On the other hand, prevalence of the infection was found to increase with age, though not significantly (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). This increase occurs in such a way that prevalence in the 26-41 age group more than doubles that of the 15-25 age group. Conclusion: AIDS patients are prone to develop Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, with a marked risk of respiratory collapse.

Objetivo: este estudio retrospectivo investigó la prevalencia de neumopatía causada por Pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Los pacientes investigados fueron aquellos tratados en clínicas de neumología de algunos hospitales de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: entre enero de 2009 y julio de 2010 se examinaron 230 muestras de lavado bronquioalveolar obtenidas de pacientes de los 2 sexos en la franja etaria entre 14 y 41 años. Los lavados obtenidos se colorearon por el método de Giemsa y se analizaron por microscopia óptica. Resultados: la prevalencia general de la infección por Pneumocystis jirovecii fue de 23,5 % (54 infectados de 230 muestras analizadas), con 22,3 % en el sexo masculino (32 infectados de 142 examinados) y 25,6 % en el femenino (21 mujeres infectadas de 82 examinadas), no demostrando diferencia significativa entre los géneros (ײ= 0,05, p> 0,05). La correlacción entre la infección y la franja etaria indicó que la infección aumenta conforme el incremento de la edad, sin embargo, de modo no significativo (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). Ese aumento ocurre de tal forma que la prevalencia en los grupos etarios entre 26 y 41 años representó, individualmente, más que el doble de la observada entre los pacientes más jóvenes de 15 a 25 años. Conclusión: los pacientes con sida son propensos a desarrollar neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii, con riesgo especial de colapso respiratorio.

The effect of multiple immersions on Haemagogus janthinomys , Haemagogus leucocelaenus , Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus terrens eggs was studied. Eggs were collected in April, June, October and December of 2011 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most of the Aedes and Ochlerotatus eggs hatched upon the first immersion, while Haemagogus eggs showed a varied instalment hatching response. The number of immersions required for hatching increased for eggs collected closer to the dry winter season.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad morfológica en cuatro poblaciones de Chagasia fajardi utilizando morfometría clásica. Se midieron siete variables del cuerpo de los especímenes de cuatro regiones biogeográficas brasileñas, incluyendo tres poblaciones provenientes de los biomas “Mata” Atlántica y una población del Cerrado. Usando el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), el carácter diagnóstico banda negra del tarsómero posterior tres (TA-III3) mostró un gran potencial para determinar las diferencias entre poblaciones, las cuales fueron todas distintas unas de las otras. Esto se siguió por la banda blanca del tarso cinco posterior (Ta-III5) y la longitud del ala (WI), que mostraron la presencia de dos poblaciones similares entre sí pero diferentes de las otras poblaciones, siendo estas últimas también diferentes entre sí. Sin embargo, el análisis multivariado y dendrograma UPGMA mostraron la gran proximidad entre las poblaciones 2 y 4, y entre las poblaciones 1 y 3. Se discuten las variables morfológicas de poblaciones pertenecientes a Ch. fajardi de diferentes regiones brasileñas.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate morphological variability in four populations of Chagasia fajardi using classic morphometry. Seven variables of the body were measured in specimens of Ch. fajardi from four biogeographical regions of Brazil, including three populations from the Atlantic Forest biome and one population from the Cerrado biome, were measured. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the diagnostic characteristic of the black band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III3) presented strong potential for demonstrating dissimilarity between populations, which were all different from each other. This was followed by the white band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III5) and the wing length (Wl), which showed the presence of two populations similar between themselves, but different from the others. However, multivariate analysis and UPGMA dendograms showed close proximity between populations 2 and 4 and between populations 1 and 3. Morphological variables of Ch. fajardi populations from different regions of Brazil are discussed.

Com a hipótese de parasitismo por carrapatos em humanos no Estado do Pará, foi desenvolvido estudo observacional, agregado, transversal em três mesoregiões do Estado, durante dois anos. Foram entrevistados e examinados 2.160 munícipes, e turistas, sem discriminação étnica, de sexo, idade, e social, classificados para efeito de análises em quatro faixas de idade, seis tipos de atividades na sociedade, e dois sexos. Houve casos de parasitismo por larvas, ninfas, e adultos de carrapatos, envolvendo seis espécies do gênero Amblyomma, o gênero Ixodes, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Anocentor nitens e Ornithodorus talaje (primeiro registo para o Estado). Adultos e os trabalhadores rurais são os mais atacados, seguidos dos estudantes. A. cajennense e R. sanguineus são as espécies mais freqüentes no parasitismo de humano, e A. cajennense é a espécie dominante. A prevalência foi superior a 40% nos três municípios, e estatisticamente maior em Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha de Marajó. Em Santarém R. sanguineus teve a maior intensidade média de parasitismo, nos outros municípios foi por A. cajennense. Estar em atividade rural dobra o risco do parasitismo, e o esclarecimento da população, para colocar em prática medidas elementares de prevenção reduziria em 25% o número de casos.

Assuming the existence of tick parasitism in humans in the State of Pará, an aggregate observational study was developed along a transversal line in three cities of the State, during two years. Interviews and examinations of 2,160 townspeople and tourists were carried out, without discrimination of ethnic, sex, age, or social status, and classified for effects analyzed for four bands of age, six types of activities in the society, and two sexes. Larvae, nymphs, and adults of ticks had been identified with cases of parasitism involving six species, of the genus Amblyomma, the genus Ixodes, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Anocentor nitens, and Ornithodorus talaje (the first case registered in Pará), infecting human beings. Adults and agricultural workers were most frequently attacked, followed by students. A. cajennense and R. sanguineus are the species most frequent in the parasitism affecting humans, and A. cajennense is the dominant species. The statistical prevalence was largest in Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha do Marajó. In Santarém the greatest average intensity of parasitism was for R. sanguineus, and in the other locations it wasfor A. cajennense. Agricultural workers faced the greatest risk from parasitism, and to place in practice elementary measures of prevention would reduce by 25% the number of cases.

Regiões como o Pantanal brasileiro, que apresentam fatores como riqueza de fauna silvestre incluindo circulação de aves migratórias e condições ambientais e climáticas favoráveis à proliferação de artrópodes estão potencialmente sujeitas à circulação de arbovírus. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos foram realizados acerca da presença de arbovírus em potenciais vetores no Pantanal. Neste sentido o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi conduzir uma investigação preliminar para presença de arbovírus em amostragens de culicídeos capturados na Sub-região da Nhecolândia no Pantanal Sul. Um total de 3684 mosquitos foi capturado, dos quais 78 grupos compondo uma amostragem de 1789 espécimes foram submetidos às técnicas de isolamento viral e RT-PCR para os mais importantes arbovírus no Brasil. Simultaneamente, 70 espécimes de carrapatos capturados durante hematofagia em cavalos também foram submetidos à pesquisa viral. Não houve isolamento viral em nenhuma amostra analisada e os resultados de detecção de ácido nucléico viral foram também negativos. Entretanto, foram identificadas 22 espécies de culicídeos, dez das quais previamente reportadas como vetores de importantes arbovírus. A competência vetorial de espécies capturadas durante hematofagia em humanos e cavalos aliada ao relato prévio de circulação de arbovírus sugerem a Sub-região da Nhecolândia como uma importante área de vigilância para arbovírus no Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

In view of the high circulation of migratory birds and the environmental and climatic conditions which favor the proliferation of arthropods, the Brazilian Pantanal is susceptible to circulation of arboviruses. However, the amount of data concerning arbovirus vectors in this area is scarce; therefore the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation of Culicidae species in the Nhecolândia Sub-region of South Pantanal, Brazil and their potential importance in the arbovirus transmission. A total of 3684 specimens of mosquitoes were captured, 1689 of which caught in the rainy season of 2007, were divided into 78 pools and submitted to viral isolation, Semi-Nested RT-PCR and Nested RT-PCR, with a view to identifying the most important arboviruses in Brazil. Simultaneously, 70 specimens of ticks found blood-feeding on horses were also submitted to the same virological assays. No virus was isolated and viral nucleic-acid detection by RT-PCR was also negative. Nevertheless, a total of 22 Culicidae species were identified, ten of which had previously been reported as vectors of important arboviruses. The diversity of species found blood-feeding on human and horse hosts together with the arboviruses circulation previously reported suggest that the Nhecolândia Sub-region of South Pantanal is an important area for arbovirus surveillance in Brazil.

Objetivando-se avaliar a eficiência de armadilhas no monitoramento de vetores de dengue e febre amarela no Rio de Janeiro, foram utilizadas simultaneamente, 12 larvitrampas e 12 ovitrampas ao longo de 13 semanas. Resultados mostraram que as larvitrampas apresentam maior capacidade de positivar, destacando-se como importante ferramenta no monitoramento de vigilância vetorial.

With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of traps for monitoring dengue and yellow fever vectors in Rio de Janeiro, 12 larvitraps and 12 ovitraps were used simultaneously for 13 weeks. The results indicated that the larvitraps presented greater capacity for positive findings, thereby highlighting it as an important monitoring tool for vector surveillance.

Achados paleoparasitológicos sobre a ocupação humana e seus animais domésticos, desde o período Galo-Romano até períodos recentes, foram registrados no sitio arqueológico da "Praça das Armas", em Namur, Bélgica, através de excavações de salvamento arqueológico. Amostras de sedimentos orgânicos coletados de fossas, latrinas e estruturas semelhantes foram analisadas e revelaram ovos de helmintos intestinais, em todos os diferentes contextos arqueológicos. A associação parasitária Ascaris sp. e Trichuris sp. foi encontrada, sem identificação de espécie. Tricurídeos foram descritos em ambos, Novo e Velho Mundo, desde tempos pré-históricos. Para contribuir na elucidação da origem zoological dos vestígios orgânicos, dos parasitos e a função primárias das estruturas sanitárias, ovos de Trichuris foram analisados estatisticamente através dos seus parâmetros morfométricos, e sugerem que esta pode ser uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico paleoparasitológico.

Paleoparasitological findings about human occupation and their domestic animals, from Gallo-Roman period up to recent times, were described at the archaeological site of "Place d'Armes", Namur, Belgium, by preventive archaeological excavations. Organic sediment samples from cesspools, latrines and structures-like were analyzed and revealed intestinal parasite eggs (helminthes) in all of the different archaeological contexts. The parasitic association Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. was found although it is not easy to determinate the specific parasite species. Trichurids were described inboth New and Old Worlds since the prehistorical time. To elucidate the zoological origin of the organic remains, the parasites and the prior function of the sanitary structures Trichuris eggs were statistically analyzed for morphometric parameters, and suggest that it could be an important tool to help the whole paleoparasitological diagnosis.

Do material recolhido por aspiração no interior de uma residência no Rio de Janeiro, com uso de aspirador de pó, por 4 horas contínuas de captura, em todos os cômodos da casa, foram encontrados 1.284 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, dos quais 289 eram fêmeas e, destas, uma tinha malformação no opistossoma que estava assimétrico, e monstruosidade pela presença de dois ânus. Esse é o primeiro registro desse fenômeno em R. sanguineus.

From material collected by into a residence house at Rio de Janeiro city, using an aspirator machine during four continues hours in all house, it was captured 1,284 Rhipicephalus sanguineus including 289 females; one of them showed a mutagenic alteration like an asymmetry of opistosome, and monstrosity like a two anus. The first register of this phenomenon in R. sanguineus is reported.

A partir de teleógina de Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899, removida de Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) foram obtidas posturas que originaram larvas, em condições de laboratório. Um total de 219 larvas foi examinado em microscopia de luz, com objetiva de imersão e microscopia de confocal com varredura a laser. Buscou-se analisar a variação do número das cerdas internas dos lados direito e esquerdo, no fundo da cápsula do Órgão de Haller, com intuito de utilizá-las como um parâmetro quetotáxico na diagnose específica. A média do número de cerdas foi 5,06±0, 71, com valores limites da amplitude de 4-11.

Larvae from Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 from engorged female ticks removed from Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) were obtained under laboratory conditions. Two hundred and nineteen larvae were examined under brightfiel microscopy with and imersion objective and confocal laser scanning microscopy in order to analyze the variation of the number of internal setae of the right and left side of the Haller's organ chamber. The mean number of internal setae was 5,06±0,71, with parametric valves of 4-11 setae.

Human occupation for several centuries was recorded in the archaeological layers of "Place d'Armes", Namur, Belgium. Preventive archaeological excavations were carried out between 1996/1997 and seven historical strata were observed, from Gallo-Roman period up to Modern Times. Soil samples from cesspools, latrines, and structures-like were studied and revealed intestinal parasite eggs in the different archaeological contexts. Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum, Trichuris trichiura, T. suis. Taenia sp., Fasciola hepatica, Diphyllobothrium sp., Capillaria sp. and Oxyuris equi eggs were found. Paleoparasitology confirmed the use of structures as latrines or cesspit as firstly supposed by the archaeologists. Medieval latrines were not only used for rejection of human excrements. The finding of Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs may point to human's or wild swine's feces. Gallo-Roman people used to eat wild boar. Therefore, both A. suum and T. suis, or A. lumbricoides and T. trichuris, may be present, considering a swine carcass recovered into a cesspit. Careful sediment analysis may reveal its origin, although parasites of domestic animals can be found together with those of human's. Taenia sp. eggs identified in latrine samples indicate ingestion of uncooked beef with cysticercoid larvae. F. hepatica eggs suggest the ingestion of raw contaminated vegetables and Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs indicate contaminated fresh-water fish consumption. Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs indicate fecal-oral infection by human and/or animal excrements.

Verificou-se a ocorrência de insetos associados a rações industriais para cães e gatos. Coletas simultâneas de péletes foram realizadas após a abertura dos sacos embalados na indústria e distribuídos para comercialização, no período de maio à novembro de 2003. Foram selecionadas para análise, seis diferentes tipos do total das marcas disponíveis para a venda no comércio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Registrou-se a incidência dos besouros Necrobia rufipes e Oryzaephilus surinamensis.

The occurrence of insects associated with pet foods was verified in simultaneous collections of peletes accomplished after the opening of the sacks wrapped in the industry and distributed for commercialization, in the period of may to november of 2003. There were selected for analysis six different types of the total available marks for sale in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The incidence of the beetles Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Necrobia rufipes was testified.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas as cargas parasitárias de Acari e Phthiraptera em 28 cobaios provenientes de dois municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os cobaios foram contidos mecanicamente para remoção dos ectoparasitos, pelo ato de pentear a pelagem com pente fino. Os espécimes de parasitas encontrados foram contados com auxílio de estereomicroscópio e identificados com ajuda de microscopia de luz. Dos sete cobaias de vida rural foram removidos 3134 ácaros, e dos 21 cobaios de vida urbana, foram recolhidos 1472 ácaros, todos da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae. Também foram encontrados 263 malófagos nos animais de ambiente urbano e 567 malófagos nos de ambiente rural, sendo estes de três espécies distintas: Gliricola porcelli, Gyropus ovalis e Trimenopon hispidum. Os valores de Abundância Parasitária e Intensidade Média de Parasitismo dos dois grupos foram muito próximos e a prevalência de ambos muito alta. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o habitat dos cobaios influencia a carga parasitária de todas as espécies de ectoparasitos encontrados.

In the present study ectoparasites lodger from 28 guinea pigs living in two differents counties of the Rio de Janeiro state. The guinea pigs were immobilized mechanically for ectoparasite removal. The parasite specimens collected were counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope and identified under light microscope. A total of 3,134 mites were removed from seven guinea pigs from country side. From the 21 guinea pigs of the urban area, 1,472 mites were collected, all being the species Chirodiscoides caviae. Two hundred and sixty three chewing-lice were found on animals from urban enviromment and 567 chewing-lice from those of the rural enviromment, representing three different species: Gliricola porcelli, Gyropus ovalis and Trimenopon hispidum. The values of Parasitic Abundance and Mean Intensity of Parasitism were very close and the Prevalence in these groups was very high. It was concluded that habitat of the guinea pigs influences the parasitic load of the ectoparasites found in the present study.

The study was set up to evaluate the impact of two commercial larvicide formulations, Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis base (Bti) at 15 ppm/1 min and temephos at 0.03 ppm of active ingredient, used to control Simulium pertinax populations, on associated non-target entomofauna occupying the same breeding sites. The experiments were carried out on the Pedra Branca and Muricana rivers, on the slopes of Serra do Mar massif, municipality of Paraty, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bti was applied to the river Pedra Branca and temephosto theriver Muricana. On both rivers, treatment and control sections were labeled as such, each one with two observation posts: slow moving water and fast water regions respectively. Artificial substrata was used to evaluate the abundance of associated entomofauna. Attached immature stages of arthropods were removed from both of its surfaces fortnightly. Were collected, from the two rivers, 28 477 specimens of the entomofauna associated with S. pertinax. The families Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae, Bactidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae and Megapodagrionidae were represented. These was an impact of temephos on the entomofauna associated with S. pertinax only in Simuliidae and Chironomidae, and to Bti only in Simuliidae. However, the reduction in their numbers was not statistically significant.